Abstract:
This dataset contains measurements of whole animal performance using swim tunnel respirometry and includes maximal sustained swimming speed, minimum metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate, and aerobic scope. Little is known about how active pelagic fish like Mahi-mahi experience and recover from exhaustive exercise. In this study, lactate, glycogen, glucose, hemoglobin, pH, hematocrit, protein concentration, and ion concentrations were measured in plasma and lactate, glycogen, glucose were measured in spleen, liver, white muscle, and red muscle tissue. Fish were measured at rest, after a maximal sustained swimming speed Ucrit test, and after excess post-exercise oxygen consumption had been achieved.
Suggested Citation:
Heuer, Rachael, Chris M. Wood, LeeAnn C. Frank, John D. Stieglitz, Daniel D. Benetti, and Martin Grosell. 2020. Effects of exhaustive exercise on Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) hematological state, tissue metabolite status, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Distributed by: GRIIDC, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. doi:10.7266/7DBYVZY8
Purpose:
To determine the hematological state, tissue metabolite status, and metabolic rate impacts of exhaustive exercise on Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus).
Data Parameters and Units:
Dataset consists of 2 Excel files (“Effects of exhaustive exercise on mahi physiological data” Excel file: “Effects of exhaustive exercise on mahi swim tunnel data”) and readme. The headers are Fish identication, Treatment, Spleen mass (grams), Total body mass (grams), Fork length (centimeters), Total length (centimeters), Hemaocrit (percent), Hemoglobin (milligrams per milliliter), Glucose (millimolar), Lactate (millimolar), Plasma protein (grams per one hundred milliliters), Extracellular blood pH (unitless), Intracellular red blood cell pH (unitless), Osmolality (milliosmoles), Total carbon dioxide (millimoles per liter), Ammonia (micromolar), Resting metabolic rate (milligrams of oxygen per kilogram per hour), Ucrit (maximum sustained swimming speed), Standard metabolic rate (milligrams of oxygen per kilogram per hour), Maximum metabolic rate (milligrams of oxygen per kilogram per hour), and Aerobic scope (milligrams of oxygen per kilogram per hour).
Methods:
Blood and tissue sampling: Immediately after sacrifice, blood and tissue samples were taken. White muscle, red muscle, spleen, and liver were excised, and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and later stored at -80 degrees Celsius. Extracellular pH, hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and red blood cell intracellular pH were determined immediately after blood sampling. Plasma was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees Celsius for future analysis of lactate, glucose, osmolality, and total carbon dioxide. Swim tunnel measurements: Mahi were introduced to swim tunnels (ninety liters) for all treatments except for “tank rest” and “tank rest new.” Mahi were always placed at a flow of one body length per second and mean oxygen consumption rates (milligrams oxygen per kilogram per hour) were reported every twenty (20) minutes. Automated control of intermittent respirometry (twenty-minute measurement loops: divided into flush, stabilization, and measurement periods) was achieved using AutoResp 2.1.0 software (Loligo Systems, Denmark). Ucrit: In tests involving Ucrit (maximal sustained swimming speed) speed was incrementally increased at 0.5 body lengths per second while oxygen consumption rates were measured until the fish was fatigued. Fatigue was defined as continuous brushing with the tail in the rear screen, sustained resting on the caudal fin at the rear screen, or by the fish becoming pinned sideways against the rear screen of the tunnel. Ucrit, expressed in body length per second, was calculated using the equation determined by Ucrit = [Uf + (T/t)dU]/cm, where Uf (cm s-1) is the highest swim velocity maintained for a complete step interval, T (s) is the length of time spent at the final, highest swim velocity, t (s) is the set time for the step interval, dU (cm s-1) is the increment in swim speed of each step, and cm is the fork length of the fish. Metabolic rate measurements: Aerobic scope is defined as the difference between maximum and standard metabolic rate. To determine these parameters, the logarithm of oxygen consumption (milligrams of oxygen per kilogram per hour) was plotted as a function of swimming speed (body length per second) and a least squares linear regression was performed for each fish. Standard metabolic rate was the y-intercept and maximum metabolic rate was the metabolic rate at Ucrit. Aerobic scope was determined as maximum metabolic rate minus standard metabolic rate. Resting metabolic rate was determined by averaging the lowest three to six oxygen consumption measurements throughout the acclimation period. Maximum metabolic rate measurements in both the four- and seven-hour post chase period were assessed by recording the highest mean oxygen consumption measurement during this time period. Treatment group descriptions and experimental protocols. Resting tunnel: Mahi in this group were introduced to the tunnel and their oxygen consumption rates were monitored until they reached consistently low values. At this point, mahi were removed from the swim tunnel and sacrificed for sampling. Ucrit: Mahi in this group were introduced to the swim tunnel and permitted to achieve a resting status, based on oxygen consumption rates that were monitored until they reached consistently low values. Following resting status, mahi were subjected to a standard Ucrit test (measurement of maximal sustained swimming speed). After the test, mahi were removed from the swim tunnel and sacrificed for sampling. Ucrit excess post-exercise oxygen consumption “Ucrit epoc”: Mahi in this group were introduced to the swim tunnel and permitted to achieve a resting status, based on oxygen consumption rates that were monitored until they reached consistently low values. Following resting status, mahi were subjected to a Ucrit test (measurement of maximal sustained swimming speed). After the Ucrit test, mahi were permitted to return to pre-test oxygen consumption levels, which was found to be four hours. At this point, mahi were removed from the swim tunnel and sacrificed for sampling. Chase: Mahi in this group were introduced to the swim tunnel and permitted to achieve a resting status, based on oxygen consumption rates that were monitored until they reached consistently low values. Mahi in this group were then transferred to a circular tank and chased for twenty minutes. At this point, mahi were removed from the chase tank and sacrificed for sampling. Chase excess post-exercise oxygen consumption at four hours “Chase epoc 7h”: Mahi in this group were introduced to the swim tunnel and permitted to achieve a resting status, based on oxygen consumption rates that were monitored until they reached consistently low values. Mahi in this group were then transferred to a circular tank and chased for twenty minutes. After the chase, mahi were returned to the swim tunnel for a time period of four hours. At this point, mahi were removed from the chase tank and sacrificed for sampling. Chase excess post-exercise oxygen consumption at eight hours “Chase epoc 4h”: Mahi in this group were introduced to the swim tunnel and permitted to achieve a resting status, based on oxygen consumption rates that were monitored until they reached consistently low values. Mahi in this group were then transferred to a circular tank and chased for twenty minutes. After the chase, mahi were returned to the swim tunnel for a time period of eight hours. At this point, mahi were removed from the chase tank and sacrificed for sampling. Tank rest: Mahi in this group were sacrificed directly from their rearing tanks at the University of Miami Experimental Hatchery. These tanks contained multiple individuals and were given supplemental oxygen. Tank rest new: Mahi in this group were sacrificed directly from their rearing tanks at the University of Miami Experimental Hatchery. These tanks contained multiple individuals and were not given supplemental oxygen.
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