Data Parameters and Units:
Cup# (sediment trap cup number); Start (date that trap cup began three week deployment, mm/dd/yy), Mid point (mid point of three week deployment, mm/dd/yy), end (date that trap cup ended three week deployment, mm/dd/yy); Docosane (C22, mg/kg trap material); Tricosane (C23, mg/kg trap material); Tetracosane (C24, mg/kg trap material); Pentacosane (C25, mg/kg trap material); Hexacosane (C26, mg/kg trap material); Heptacosane (C27, mg/kg trap material); Octacosane (C28, mg/kg trap material); Nonacosane (C29, mg/kg trap material); Triacontane (C30, mg/kg trap material); hentriacontane (C31, mg/kg trap material); Dotriacontane (C32, mg/kg trap material); Tritriacontane (C33, mg/kg trap material); Tetratriacontane (C34, mg/kg trap material); Acenaphthene (mg/kg trap material); Acenaphthylene (mg/kg trap material); Fluorene (mg/kg trap material); Phenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); Anthracene (mg/kg trap material); Fluoranthene (mg/kg trap material); Pyrene (mg/kg trap material); BaA' (Benzo[a]anthracene, mg/kg trap material); Chrysene (mg/kg trap material); Benzo[b]fluoranthene' (mg/kg trap material); BkF' (mg/kg trap material); Benzo[a]pyrene (mg/kg trap material); I[1,2,3-cd]P' (mg/kg trap material); DbA' (Dibenzo[ah]anthracene, a PAH compound, mg/kg trap material); Benzo[ghi]perylene (mg/kg trap material); 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (mg/kg trap material); 2-methylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 1-methylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 3-methylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 4-methylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 1,3-,2,10-,3,9-,3,10-C2Pa (mg/kg trap material); 1,6- and 2,9-C2Pa (mg/kg trap material); 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 2,3-dimethylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 2,6-dimethylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 2,7-dimethylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (mg/kg trap material); 1-methylpyrene (mg/kg trap material); 4-methylpyrene (mg/kg trap material); 6-methylbenz[a]anthracene(mg/kg trap material); DiaC27βαS/DiaC27βαR (the ratio of 13β(H),17α(H)-20s-diacholestane to 13β(H),17α(H)-20R-diacholestane. Both compounds are biomarkers that can be used for fingerprinting hydrocarbon sources.); DiaC27βαR/DiaC29βαR (the ratio of 13β(H),17α(H)-20R-diacholestane to 24-ethyl-13β(H),17α(H)-20R-diacholestane. Both compounds are biomarkers that can be used for fingerprinting hydrocarbon sources.); DiaC27βαR/C29αααS (the ratio of 13β(H),17α(H)-20R-diacholestane to 24-ethyl-5α(H),14α(H), 17α(H)-20S-cholestane. Both compounds are biomarkers that can be used for fingerprinting hydrocarbon sources.); C29αββ(R+S)/C29ααα(R+S) (the ratio of the sum of (24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane) and (24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane) to the sum of (24-ethyl-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-20R-cholestane) and (24-ethyl-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-20S-cholestane)); C29 ααα(S)/C29 αββ(R+S) (the ratio of 24-ethyl-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-20S-cholestane to the sum of (24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane) and (24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane)); C29 ααα(S)/sum(αββ steranes) (the ratio of 24-ethyl-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-20S-cholestane to the sum of six αββ steranes compounds, including 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane, 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane, 24-methyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane, 24-methyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane, 24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane, and 24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane); C27 αββ (S)/sum(αββ steranes) (the ratio of 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane to the sum of six αββ steranes compounds, including 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane, 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane, 24-methyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane, 24-methyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane, 24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane, and 24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane); Ts/Tm (The ratio of two C27 hopanes, 18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorneohopane (Ts) and 17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane (Tm)); OlefinC18/C18 (the ratio of the sum of five C18 olefin compounds to n-octadecane); char - soot (Char is defined as carbonaceous materials obtained by heating organic substances and formed directly from pyrolysis. It may also be defined as an impure form of graphitic carbon obtained as a residue when carbonaceous material is partially burned or heated with in the presence of limited oxygen. The term soot is defined as only those carbon particles that form at high temperature via gas-phase processes by incomplete combustion.);
Methods:
In order to quantify char and soot, which are two components of black carbon, the IMPROVE protocol was used (following Han et al., 2007). Method for char and soot measurement: About 150 ± 30 mg ground (<63 μm) and homogenized samples were weighed for acid pretreatments. In brief, hydrochloric acid (HCl), HF, and their mixture were used to remove carbonate, metal oxides, and minerals. The remaining residues were filtered through a 47-mm quartz filter (0.4-μm pore size; Whatman) and air-dried in a baking oven at 35 °C. A 0.526-cm2 circular punch from the filters was stepwise heated to 120 °C, 250 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C in a pure helium environment, and four organic carbon (OC) fractions were produced: OC1, OC2, OC3, and OC4. Then the oven temperature was raised to 550 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C in a 2% O2/98% He atmosphere, and three elemental carbon (EC) fractions were produced: EC1, EC2, and EC3. In this procedure, the pyrolyzed organic carbon produced in the inert He atmosphere was monitored using a laser to determine the OC/EC split. The IMPROVE protocol defines the sum of all three elemental carbon (EC) fractions minus pyrolyzed organic carbon as BC. EC1 minus pyrolyzed organic carbon was defined as char, and the sum of EC2 and EC3 was defined as soot.
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