Abstract:

This dataset contains experimental data on the effect of artificial marine snow on marine benthic invertebrates, water quality measurements, water nutrient measurements, oxygen measurements, and data on oil biodegradation (n-alkanes). Excel sheet with raw data from the experiment: exposure conditions, biota response, chemistry, and observations are included. This dataset supports the publication: van Eenennaam, J.S., Rohal, M., Montagna, P.A., Radović, J.R., Oldenburg, T.B., Romero, I.C., Murk, A.J. and Foekema, E.M. (2019). Ecotoxicological benthic impacts of experimental oil-contaminated marine snow deposition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 141, 164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.025

Suggested Citation:

van Eenennaam, Justine S., Rohal, Melissa, Montagna, Paul A., Radovic, Jagos R., Oldenburg, Thomas B.P., Romero, Isabel C., Murk, Albertinka J., Foekema, Edwin M.. 2019. Dataset for: Ecotoxicological benthic impacts of experimental oil-contaminated marine snow deposition. Distributed by: GRIIDC, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. doi:10.7266/n7-bpgc-0b13

Publications:

Van Eenennaam, J. S., Rohal, M., Montagna, P. A., Radović, J. R., Oldenburg, T. B. P., Romero, I. C., … Foekema, E. M. (2019). Ecotoxicological benthic impacts of experimental oil-contaminated marine snow deposition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 141, 164–175. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.025

Foekema, E. M., van Eenennaam, J. S., Hollander, D. J., Langenhoff, A. M., Oldenburg, T. B. P., Radović, J. R., … Murk, A. J. (2019). Testing the Effect of MOSSFA (Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation) Events in Benthic Microcosms. Scenarios and Responses to Future Deep Oil Spills, 288–299. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_17

Purpose:

To investigate the impact of oiled marine snow on benthic invertebrate and meiofauna community.

Data Parameters and Units:

The file Ecotoxicology paper-R4.x267.000-0117.xlsx: Sample name (an identifier and acronyms which signify the PAHs). The PAHs are N-alkane data- C13 –C30 represent alkanes where C ranges from 13 -30; Ph =phytane; Pr = pristine; N, N1, N2, N3 and N4 refer to naphthalene and alkylated homologues; ACL = 3-ring: Acenaphthylene; ACE= Acenaphthene; F, FC1, FC2 refer to =Fluorene and alkylated homologues; AN =Anthracene; P, P/AN1-4, refer to Phenanthrene and alkylated homologues; D, D 1–2 refer= Dibenzothiophene and alkylated homologues; 4-ring: Fluoranthene (FL), Pyrene(PY), Benz[a]anthracene (BAA), Chrysene (C), and their alkylated homologues (FL/PY C1-C4, BAA/C C1-C4), 5-ring: Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BBF), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BKF), Benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DA), and alkylated homologues (BP/PER C1-C4), and 6-ring: Benzo[ghi]perylene (BGP). The file GRIIDC data AqExIII.xlsx: All the figure # used in the title of all the worksheets refers to the figure # in the associated publication van Eenennaam et al., 2019; Salinity (parts per thousand), pH, temperature (degree Celsius), oxygen saturation measurements in the water column (%); # of visible new burrows; thickness of oxygenated top layer of sediment over time (mm); counted numbers of H. ulvae on glass wall of aquaria or floating at water surface at one part. Corophium, (number of individuals); hydrobia (number of individuals); treatment (experimental type); replicate code; nematode (number of individuals); total copepod (harpacticoida +nauplii); N:C ratio (Nematode:copepod ratio); Hopane normalized peak area n-alkanes and isoprenoid alkanes; PAHs measured in tissue of H. ulvae gastropod, fraction of target PAH over total PAH; Total PAH (ng/g). C13-C30 refer to n-alkanes with 13-30 carbon atoms per molecule, and Ph =phytane; Pr = pristine. The key for acronyms used in the worksheet “PAH in gastropod tissue” are available in the file Ecotoxicology paper-R4.x267.000-0117.csv. The file Table_vEenennaam subm 08 10 2018.xlsx: Includes the description of test treatments for the microcosm experiment. Treatment code; Treatment description (Control = Clean sediment control; Clay C0= Clay without oil; Clay C1 = Clay with 3 g m‌-2 oil; Clay C2 = Clay with 10 g m‌-2 oil; snow C0 = marine snow without oil; snow C1 = marine snow with 3 g m‌-2 oil; snow C2 = marine snow with 10 g m‌-2 oil); note that clay is present in all treatments except control. Correction note: In the file GRIIDC data AqExIII.xlsx - in the worksheet "meiofauna", "figure 8 and 9" used in the heading should be "figure 6". Similarly, in the worksheet "In Vivo data", "figure 6, 7" used in the heading should be "figure 5", and "figure 10" used in the heading in the worksheet "n-alkane data" should be "figure 8".

Methods:

The test aquaria was a ‌25x25x25 cm full glass container and consisted of 5 cm natural sediment, 15 cm natural filtered seawater, and was continuously aerated just below water surface. The test conditions were 14°C, 16 h light/8 h dark; the biota added were 40 Corophium volutator and 20 Hydrobya ulvae. The treatments were ‘Control’: no additions;‘Snow’: artificial marine snow (composed of alginate, dead phytoplankton and kaolin clay); ‘Clay’: kaolin clay; ‘C’ refers to the amount of oil in the Snow and Clay treatments. C0: 0 g/m‌2;C1: 3/g m‌2;C2: 10 g/m‌2. MC252 oil, weathered for 24 h at room temperature in the dark was used for the treatments. The full amount of snow and clay was added gradually over a 4 day period. All treatments were started in 6-fold (replicates A-F). Half (A-C) were sampled on day 42, the rest (D-F) on day 80. pH, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen were determined weekly with handheld equipment. Meiofauna samples were collected with a small core, stained with Rose bengal, stored in ethanol and hand sorted using a microscope. Chemical sediment samples (oil biodegradation) were collected with sediment cores, freeze-dried and oil compounds were analysed by means of GC/MS. Macrofauna samples were collected by passing the remaining (after the chemical and meiofauna sampling) sediment through a 1 mm sieve followed by hand sorting using a microscope. Extraction of PAH from H. ulvae was with a solvent mixture of 9:1 (v:v) hexane: dichloromethane using an accelerated Solvent Extraction system (ASE 200®, Dionex) under high temperature (100 °C) and pressure (1500 psi) after samples have been freeze-dried. PAHs were analyzed with a GC/MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Instruments:

An Agilent 7680B gas chromatograph coupled with an Agilent 7010 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to measure the concentrations of PAHs using the modified EPA methods (Method 8270D) and QA/QC protocols. Water quality data was obtained with a Mettler Toledo pH meter, Hach HQ40d multimeter with salinity and dissolved oxygen probes.

Individual Files: