Abstract:
Mesocosm experiments were performed with Gulf of Mexico seawater collected from the Texas coastline, near TABS buoy R (29° 38.1000'N, 93° 38.5020'W) and was amended with nutrients. The two treatments in triplicate were analyzed for oil composition were 1) Control with blank silicone (Si) tubing device, 2) passively dosed Water accommodated oil fraction (Si-WAF). The oil composition data presented here are PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPAHs), and individuals aliphatic hydrocarbons (nC10-nC35).
Suggested Citation:
Gopal Bera, Terry Wade, Anthony Knap. 2017. Chemical Composition of WAF made through a novel passive dosing method tested during the GOMCOAST mesocosm using Gulf Of Mexico COASTal water. Distributed by: GRIIDC, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. doi:10.7266/N7BG2MGT
Publications:
Bera, G., Doyle, S., Passow, U., Kamalanathan, M., Wade, T. L., Sylvan, J. B., … Knap, A. H. (2019). Biological response to dissolved versus dispersed oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110713. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110713
Purpose:
To determine the chemical composition of WAF made through this passively dosed method: Si Tube device.
Data Parameters and Units:
PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ng/L); Total PAH (ng/L); Si-WAF (Silicone Water Accommodated Fraction)=SO or SWAF; SCA=Silicone control A; SCB=Silicone control B; SOB=Silicone WAF B; SOC=Silicone WAF C; Time (hr) intervals were at 0, 24, 48, 72; Volume (L); -999 = below detection limit, J=below detection, UCM=unresolved complex mixture, ND=non-detect, CON or C=Controls; Estimated oil equivalents=EOE; Time (hr); CAS=Control A Silicone; CBS=Control B Silicone; OAS=WAF A Silicone; OBS=WAF B Silicone; OCS=WAF C Silicone
Methods:
The GOMCOAST mesocosm method and corollary data is found in the GRIIDC dataset, Oil Composition and nutrients for the GOMCOAST mesocosm using Gulf Of Mexico COASTal water, doi: 10.7266/N74X568X. WAF generated via silicone tube was prepared following Redman, A.D., Butler, J.D., Letinski, D.J., Parkerton, T.F., 2017. Investigating the role of dissolved and droplet oil in aquatic toxicity using dispersed and passive dosing systems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol 36 No. 4 pp 1020-1028.. In summary, a medical grade silicone tube (6 inch-1.5 ft) from A-M System Inc. WA with 0.058-inch X 0.077-inch X 0.0095-inch dimension was used. The predetermined amount of oil (e.g. 0.84 ml/2L for oil loading of 360 mg/L) was introduced into the silicone tube by gas tight Hamilton syringe and both ends were closed tightly by knotting. The silicone tube was then put into the 2L aspirator attached to the stir bar. Analogous to the CROSERF method, the loaded tubing was stirred for 72 h at 300 rpm before collection of samples. PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and alkanes extraction of the samples were done with dichloromethane. The samples are then purified using silica/alumina columns. The analysis is performed with gas chromatography to separate the individual aromatic compounds and with a mass selective detector in the selected ion mode for identification and quantification. The parent PAH (e.g. naphthalene) and its alkylated homologs (e.g. C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4) are also determined. These analyses can be used to distinguish between petroleum and combustion sources or a mixture of these sources. The individual PAH compounds and their alkylated homologs are reported. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined by gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and PAHs by GC with a mass selective detector [Short, J. W., T. J. Jackson, M. L. Larsen, and T. L. Wade (1996), Analytical methods used for the analysis of hydrocarbons in crude oil tissues, sediments, and seawater collected for the natural resources damage assessment of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, in Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium, edited by S. D. Rice et al., pp. 140–148, Am. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, Md.].
Error Analysis:
Experiment had control with triplicates. Analysis had blank, LBS, LBSD. Surrogates were added to samples to monitor recovery and efficiency of extraction process.
Provenance and Historical References:
Short, J. W., T. J. Jackson, M. L. Larsen, and T. L. Wade (1996), Analytical methods used for the analysis of hydrocarbons in crude oil tissues, sediments, and seawater collected for the natural resources damage assessment of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, in Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium, edited by S. D. Rice et al., pp. 140–148, Am. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, Md. Wade, T. L., S. T. Sweet, J. N. Walpert, J. L. Sericano, J. J. Singer, and N. L. Guinasso Jr. (2011), Evaluation of possible inputs of oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill to the Loop Current and associated eddies in the Gulf of Mexico, in Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Record-Breaking Enterprise, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., doi:10.1029/2011GM 001095. Redman, A.D., Butler, J.D., Letinski, D.J., Parkerton, T.F., 2017. Investigating the role of dissolved and droplet oil in aquatic toxicity using dispersed and passive dosing systems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol 36 No. 4 pp 1020-1028.
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